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1N4678 Series
500 mW DO-35 Hermetically Sealed Glass Zener Voltage Regulators
This is a complete series of 500 mW Zener diodes with limits and excellent operating characteristics that reflect the superior capabilities of silicon-oxide passivated junctions. All this in an axial-lead hermetically sealed glass package that offers protection in all common environmental conditions.
Specification Features: http://onsemi.com
Cathode
Anode
* Zener Voltage Range - 1.8 V to 27 V * ESD Rating of Class 3 (>16 KV) per Human Body Model * DO-204AH (DO-35) Package - Smaller than Conventional * Double Slug Type Construction * Metallurgical Bonded Construction
Mechanical Characteristics: CASE: Double slug type, hermetically sealed glass FINISH: All external surfaces are corrosion resistant and leads are
DO-204AA Package
AXIAL LEAD CASE 299 GLASS
MARKING DIAGRAM
L 1N 4x xx YWW
readily solderable
MAXIMUM LEAD TEMPERATURE FOR SOLDERING PURPOSES:
230C, 1/16 from the case for 10 seconds POLARITY: Cathode indicated by polarity band MOUNTING POSITION: Any
MAXIMUM RATINGS (Note 1.)
Rating Max. Steady State Power Dissipation @ TL 75C, Lead Length = 3/8 Derate above 75C Operating and Storage Temperature Range Symbol PD Value 500 4.0 TJ, Tstg -65 to +200 Unit mW mW/C C
L = Assembly Location 1N4xxx = Device Code = (See Table Next Page) Y = Year WW = Work Week
ORDERING INFORMATION
Device 1N4xxx 1N4xxxRL 1N4xxxRL2 * 1N4xxxTA 1N4xxxTA2 * 1N4xxxRR1 { 1N4xxxRR2 }
{ }
Package Axial Lead Axial Lead Axial Lead Axial Lead Axial Lead Axial Lead Axial Lead
Shipping 3000 Units/Box 5000/Tape & Reel 5000/Tape & Reel 5000/Ammo Pack 5000/Tape & Reel 3000/Tape & Reel 3000/Tape & Reel
1. Some part number series have lower JEDEC registered ratings.
* The "2" suffix refers to 26 mm tape spacing. Polarity band up with cathode lead off first Polarity band down with cathode lead off first
Devices listed in bold, italic are ON Semiconductor Preferred devices. Preferred devices are recommended choices for future use and best overall value.
(c) Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC, 2001
1
May, 2001 - Rev. 1
Publication Order Number: 1N4678/D
1N4678 Series
Low level oxide passivated zener diodes for applications requiring extremely low operating currents, low leakage, and sharp breakdown voltage.
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (TA = 25C unless
otherwise noted, VF = 1.5 V Max @ IF = 100 mA for all types) Symbol VZ IZT DVZ IZM IR VR IF VF Parameter Reverse Zener Voltage @ IZT Reverse Current Reverse Zener Voltage Change Maximum Zener Current Reverse Leakage Current @ VR Breakdown Voltage Forward Current Forward Voltage @ IF VZ VR IR VF IZT V I IF
Zener Voltage Regulator
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1N4678 Series
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (TL = 30C unless otherwise noted, VF = 1.5 V Max @ IF = 100 mA for all types)
Zener Voltage (Note 3.) Device (Note 2.) 1N4678 1N4679 1N4680 1N4681 1N4682 1N4683 1N4684 1N4685 1N4686 1N4687 Device Marking 1N4678 1N4679 1N4680 1N4681 1N4682 1N4683 1N4684 1N4685 1N4686 1N4687 VZ (Volts) Min 1.71 1.9 2.09 2.28 2.565 2.85 3.135 3.42 3.705 4.085 Nom 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.7 3.0 3.3 3.6 3.9 4.3 Max 1.89 2.1 2.31 2.52 2.835 3.15 3.465 3.78 4.095 4.515 @ IZT mA 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 Leakage Current (Note 4.) IR @ VR A Max 7.5 5 5 2 1 0.8 7.5 7.5 5.0 4.0 Volts 1 1 1 1 1 1 1.5 2 2 2 IZM (Note 5.) mA 120 110 100 95 90 85 80 75 70 65 DVZ (Note 6.) Volts 0.7 0.7 0.75 0.8 0.85 0.9 0.95 0.95 0.97 0.99
1N4688 1N4689 1N4690 1N4691 1N4692
1N4693 1N4694 1N4695 1N4696 1N4697 1N4698 1N4699 1N4700 1N4701 1N4702 1N4703 1N4704 1N4705 1N4707 1N4711
1N4688 1N4689 1N4690 1N4691 1N4692
1N4693 1N4694 1N4695 1N4696 1N4697 1N4698 1N4699 1N4700 1N4701 1N4702 1N4703 1N4704 1N4705 1N4707 1N4711
4.465 4.845 5.32 5.89 6.46
7.125 7.79 8.265 8.645 9.5 10.45 11.4 12.35 13.3 14.25 15.2 16.15 17.1 19 25.65
4.7 5.1 5.6 6.2 6.8
7.5 8.2 8.7 9.1 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 20 27
4.935 5.355 5.88 6.51 7.14
7.875 8.61 9.135 9.555 10.5 11.55 12.6 13.65 14.7 15.75 16.8 17.85 18.9 21 28.35
50 50 50 50 50
50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50
10 10 10 10 10
10 1 1 1 1 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.01 0.01
3 3 4 5 5.1
5.7 6.2 6.6 6.9 7.6 8.4 9.1 9.8 10.6 11.4 12.1 12.9 13.6 15.2 20.4
60 55 50 45 35
31.8 29 27.4 26.2 24.8 21.6 20.4 19 17.5 16.3 15.4 14.5 13.2 11.9 8.8
0.99 0.97 0.96 0.95 0.9
0.75 0.5 0.1 0.08 0.1 0.11 0.12 0.13 0.14 0.15 0.16 0.17 0.18 0.2 0.27
2. TOLERANCE AND TYPE NUMBER DESIGNATION (VZ) The type numbers listed have a standard tolerance of 5% on the nominal zener voltage. 3. ZENER VOLTAGE (VZ) MEASUREMENT The zener voltage is measured with the device junction in the thermal equilibrium at the lead temperature (TL) at 30C 1C and 3/8 lead length. 4. REVERSE LEAKAGE CURRENT (IR) Reverse leakage currents are guaranteed and measured at VR shown on the table. 5. MAXIMUM ZENER CURRENT RATINGS (IZM) Maximum zener current ratings are based on maximum zener voltage of the individual units and JEDEC 250 mW rating. 6. MAXIMUM VOLTAGE CHANGE (DVZ) Voltage change is equal to the difference between VZ at 100 mA and at 10 mA.
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1N4678 Series
0.7 PD, STEADY STATE POWER DISSIPATION (WATTS) 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 HEAT SINKS
3/8"
3/8"
TL, LEAD TEMPERATURE (C)
Figure 1. Steady State Power Derating
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1N4678 Series
JL , JUNCTION TO LEAD THERMAL RESISTANCE (C/W)
APPLICATION NOTE -- ZENER VOLTAGE Since the actual voltage available from a given zener diode is temperature dependent, it is necessary to determine junction temperature under any set of operating conditions in order to calculate its value. The following procedure is recommended: Lead Temperature, TL, should be determined from:
TL = LAPD + TA.
500 400
L L
300 200 100 0 2.4-60 V 62-200 V
LA is the lead-to-ambient thermal resistance (C/W) and PD is the power dissipation. The value for LA will vary and depends on the device mounting method. LA is generally 30 to 40C/W for the various clips and tie points in common use and for printed circuit board wiring. The temperature of the lead can also be measured using a thermocouple placed on the lead as close as possible to the tie point. The thermal mass connected to the tie point is normally large enough so that it will not significantly respond to heat surges generated in the diode as a result of pulsed operation once steady-state conditions are achieved. Using the measured value of TL, the junction temperature may be determined by:
TJ = TL + TJL.
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
L, LEAD LENGTH TO HEAT SINK (INCH)
Figure 2. Typical Thermal Resistance
1000 7000 5000 2000 1000 700 500 200 100 70 50 20 10 7 5 2 1 0.7 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.07 0.05 0.02 0.01 0.007 0.005 0.002 0.001 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 +25C
TYPICAL LEAKAGE CURRENT AT 80% OF NOMINAL BREAKDOWN VOLTAGE
TJL is the increase in junction temperature above the lead temperature and may be found from Figure 2 for dc power:
TJL = JLPD.
V = VZTJ.
VZ, the zener voltage temperature coefficient, is found from Figures 4 and 5. Under high power-pulse operation, the zener voltage will vary with time and may also be affected significantly by the zener resistance. For best regulation, keep current excursions as low as possible. Surge limitations are given in Figure 7. They are lower than would be expected by considering only junction temperature, as current crowding effects cause temperatures to be extremely high in small spots, resulting in device degradation should the limits of Figure 7 be exceeded.
I R , LEAKAGE CURRENT ( A)
For worst-case design, using expected limits of IZ, limits of PD and the extremes of TJ(TJ) may be estimated. Changes in voltage, VZ, can then be found from:
+125C
VZ, NOMINAL ZENER VOLTAGE (VOLTS)
Figure 3. Typical Leakage Current
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1N4678 Series
TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENTS
(-55C to +150C temperature range; 90% of the units are in the ranges indicated.)
VZ , TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT (mV/ C) VZ , TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT (mV/ C) +12 +10 +8 +6 +4 +2 0 -2 -4 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 VZ, ZENER VOLTAGE (VOLTS) 10 11 12 RANGE VZ @ IZT (NOTE 2) 100 70 50 30 20 10 7 5 3 2 1 10 20 30 50 VZ, ZENER VOLTAGE (VOLTS) 70 100 RANGE VZ @ IZ (NOTE 2)
Figure 4a. Range for Units to 12 Volts
Figure 4b. Range for Units 12 to 100 Volts
VZ , TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT (mV/ C)
VZ , TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT (mV/ C)
200 180 160 140 120 100 VZ @ IZT (NOTE 2) 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200
+6 +4 +2 0 -2 -4 VZ @ IZ TA = 25C
20 mA 0.01 mA 1 mA NOTE: BELOW 3 VOLTS AND ABOVE 8 VOLTS NOTE: CHANGES IN ZENER CURRENT DO NOT NOTE: AFFECT TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENTS 3 4 5 6 7 8 VZ, ZENER VOLTAGE (VOLTS)
VZ, ZENER VOLTAGE (VOLTS)
Figure 4c. Range for Units 120 to 200 Volts
Figure 5. Effect of Zener Current
1000 500 C, CAPACITANCE (pF) 200 100 50 20 10 5 2 1 1 2 5 10 20 50% OF VZ BIAS 0 V BIAS
TA = 25C
100 70 50 C, CAPACITANCE (pF) 30 20 10 7 5 3 2 1
TA = 25C 0 BIAS
1 V BIAS
1 VOLT BIAS 50% OF VZ BIAS
50
100
120
140
160
180
190
200
220
VZ, ZENER VOLTAGE (VOLTS)
VZ, ZENER VOLTAGE (VOLTS)
Figure 6a. Typical Capacitance 2.4-100 Volts
Figure 6b. Typical Capacitance 120-200 Volts
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1N4678 Series
100 70 50 30 20 10 7 5 3 2 1 0.01 0.02 0.05 0.1 0.2 0.5 1 2 5 10 20 50 100 200 500 1000 10% DUTY CYCLE 20% DUTY CYCLE 5% DUTY CYCLE RECTANGULAR WAVEFORM TJ = 25C PRIOR TO INITIAL PULSE
Ppk , PEAK SURGE POWER (WATTS)
11 V-91 V NONREPETITIVE 1.8 V-10 V NONREPETITIVE
PW, PULSE WIDTH (ms)
Figure 7a. Maximum Surge Power 1.8-91 Volts
Ppk , PEAK SURGE POWER (WATTS)
ZZ , DYNAMIC IMPEDANCE (OHMS)
1000 700 500 300 200 100 70 50 30 20 10 7 5 3 2 1 0.01
1000 500 RECTANGULAR WAVEFORM, TJ = 25C 200 100 50 20 10 5 2 1 0.1 0.2 0.5
VZ = 2.7 V 47 V 27 V
TJ = 25C iZ(rms) = 0.1 IZ(dc) f = 60 Hz
100-200 VOLTS NONREPETITIVE
6.2 V
0.1
1
10
100
1000
1
2
5
10
20
50
100
PW, PULSE WIDTH (ms)
IZ, ZENER CURRENT (mA)
Figure 7b. Maximum Surge Power DO-204AH 100-200 Volts
Figure 8. Effect of Zener Current on Zener Impedance
ZZ , DYNAMIC IMPEDANCE (OHMS)
1000 700 500 200 100 70 50 20 10 7 5 2 1 1 2 3 5 7 10 IZ = 1 mA 5 mA 20 mA
I F , FORWARD CURRENT (mA)
TJ = 25C iZ(rms) = 0.1 IZ(dc) f = 60 Hz
1000 500 200 100 50 20 10 5 150C 2 1 75C
MAXIMUM MINIMUM
25C 0C
20
30
50
70 100
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
1.1
VZ, ZENER VOLTAGE (VOLTS)
VF, FORWARD VOLTAGE (VOLTS)
Figure 9. Effect of Zener Voltage on Zener Impedance
Figure 10. Typical Forward Characteristics
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1N4678 Series
20 10 TA = 25 I Z , ZENER CURRENT (mA)
1
0.1
0.01
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
VZ, ZENER VOLTAGE (VOLTS)
Figure 11. Zener Voltage versus Zener Current -- VZ = 1 thru 16 Volts
10 TA = 25
I Z , ZENER CURRENT (mA)
1
0.1
0.01 15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
VZ, ZENER VOLTAGE (VOLTS)
Figure 12. Zener Voltage versus Zener Current -- VZ = 15 thru 30 Volts
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1N4678 Series
10 TA = 25
I Z , ZENER CURRENT (mA)
1
0.1
0.01
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
105
VZ, ZENER VOLTAGE (VOLTS)
Figure 13. Zener Voltage versus Zener Current -- VZ = 30 thru 105 Volts
10
I Z , ZENER CURRENT (mA)
1
0.1
0.01 110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
250
260
VZ, ZENER VOLTAGE (VOLTS)
Figure 14. Zener Voltage versus Zener Current -- VZ = 110 thru 220 Volts
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1N4678 Series
OUTLINE DIMENSIONS
Zener Voltage Regulators - Axial Leaded
500 mW DO-35 Glass
GLASS DO-35/D0-204AH CASE 299-02 ISSUE A
B
K F
D
A F K
NOTES: 1. PACKAGE CONTOUR OPTIONAL WITHIN A AND B HEAT SLUGS, IF ANY, SHALL BE INCLUDED WITHIN THIS CYLINDER, BUT NOT SUBJECT TO THE MINIMUM LIMIT OF B. 2. LEAD DIAMETER NOT CONTROLLED IN ZONE F TO ALLOW FOR FLASH, LEAD FINISH BUILDUP AND MINOR IRREGULARITIES OTHER THAN HEAT SLUGS. 3. POLARITY DENOTED BY CATHODE BAND. 4. DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING PER ANSI Y14.5M, 1982. DIM A B D F K MILLIMETERS MIN MAX 3.05 5.08 1.52 2.29 0.46 0.56 --1.27 25.40 38.10 INCHES MIN MAX 0.120 0.200 0.060 0.090 0.018 0.022 --0.050 1.000 1.500
All JEDEC dimensions and notes apply.
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1N4678 Series
Notes
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1N4678 Series
ON Semiconductor and are trademarks of Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC (SCILLC). SCILLC reserves the right to make changes without further notice to any products herein. SCILLC makes no warranty, representation or guarantee regarding the suitability of its products for any particular purpose, nor does SCILLC assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit, and specifically disclaims any and all liability, including without limitation special, consequential or incidental damages. "Typical" parameters which may be provided in SCILLC data sheets and/or specifications can and do vary in different applications and actual performance may vary over time. All operating parameters, including "Typicals" must be validated for each customer application by customer's technical experts. SCILLC does not convey any license under its patent rights nor the rights of others. SCILLC products are not designed, intended, or authorized for use as components in systems intended for surgical implant into the body, or other applications intended to support or sustain life, or for any other application in which the failure of the SCILLC product could create a situation where personal injury or death may occur. Should Buyer purchase or use SCILLC products for any such unintended or unauthorized application, Buyer shall indemnify and hold SCILLC and its officers, employees, subsidiaries, affiliates, and distributors harmless against all claims, costs, damages, and expenses, and reasonable attorney fees arising out of, directly or indirectly, any claim of personal injury or death associated with such unintended or unauthorized use, even if such claim alleges that SCILLC was negligent regarding the design or manufacture of the part. SCILLC is an Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action Employer.
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1N4678/D

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